@article{Babker2025,

title = {Comparative Evaluation of Gridded Precipitation Datasets in Capturing Hydrological Extremes in a Mesoscale Heterogeneous Catchment in Austria},

author = {Zryab Babker and Mohammed Basheer and Tim G Reichenau and Jürgen Komma and Oscar M Baez-Villanueva and Morteza Zargar and Karl Schneider},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70359},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70359},

issn = {0885-6087},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-12-01},

journal = {Hydrological Processes},

volume = {39},

number = {12},

pages = {e70359},

publisher = {John Wiley & Sons, Ltd},

abstract = {ABSTRACT Accurate representation of extreme precipitation is crucial for assessing flood hazards and developing risk mitigation strategies. For such applications, gridded Precipitation Products (PPs) can be a promising alternative to traditional point measurements, especially in regions where such measurements are sparse or non-existent. However, the accuracy of PPs in representing extreme precipitation should be evaluated before use. In this study, we evaluate the performance of four PPs (SPARTACUS v2.1, IMERG-F v07, CHIRPS v2.0, and ERA5-Land) against 33 precipitation gauges at a daily time scale over the Kamp catchment in Austria for the period 1998?2020. The hydrological response in the catchment is influenced not only by the intensity of extreme precipitation events but also by antecedent soil moisture and seasonal conditions. Continuous and categorical performance metrics are used to evaluate the performance of the PPs at gauge locations. Additionally, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool Plus (SWAT+) model is used to assess the reliability of PPs when used as forcings for hydrological modelling. The results reveal that while most evaluated products can detect no-rain events, their ability to capture extreme precipitation events varies notably. SPARTACUS v2.1 exhibited the best ability to detect extremes at gauge locations, resulting in streamflow simulation that closely matched the observed data. IMERG-F v07 demonstrated moderate performance in both extreme precipitation detection and corresponding peak flow generation. In contrast, CHIRPS v2.0 and ERA5-Land showed poor performance in representing extreme precipitation, resulting in underestimated high flows and lower reliability in simulating flood-related hydrological processes. These findings highlight the importance of evaluating the ability of PPs in capturing extreme precipitation to ensure reliable simulation of flood peaks and hydrological extremes. We conclude that catchment-specific validation linking precipitation extremes to hydrological responses is essential for selecting appropriate precipitation forcings for hydrological applications.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ashraf2025,

title = {Delivering equity in low-carbon multisector infrastructure planning},

author = {Adil Ashraf and Mohammed Basheer and Jose M Gonzalez and Eduardo A Martínez Ceseña and Mikiyas Etichia and Emmanuel Obuobie and Andrea Bottacin-busolin and Jan Adamowski and Mathaios Panteli},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59738-7},

doi = {10.1038/s41467-025-59738-7},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-01},

journal = {Nature Communications},

number = {5320},

publisher = {Springer US},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Basheer2024,

title = {Water-energy-food planning and operations framework for river basins with a case study on the Blue Nile},

author = {Mohammed Basheer and Khalid Siddig and Claudia Ringler},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130801},

doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130801},

issn = {0022-1694},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Hydrology},

volume = {631},

pages = {130801},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Infrastructure in river basins is essential to achieving several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including SDG 2 on zero hunger, SDG 6 on water and sanitation, and SDG 7 on affordable and clean energy. However, important tradeoffs and synergies need to be navigated across these goals as both water and resources for infrastructure investments are limited. In transboundary river basins, such tradeoffs can transcend countries, creating a complex, interconnected system of water-energy-food linkages. With increasing pressures on the Blue Nile's water resources from population and economic growth and climate change, an analytical framework for joint planning of these essential human development goals at a fine temporal resolution and considering multi-national priorities can enhance the potential to achieve water, energy, and food security. In this study, we develop and apply a framework for water resources planning in the Blue Nile using four steps: (1) understanding the water-energy-food nexus management landscape through stakeholder engagement and literature review; (2) developing a detailed daily simulator that captures major nexus components and objectives at a fine temporal scale; (3) linking the simulator to an Artificial intelligence-based search algorithm to design efficient agricultural and dam operation portfolios considering national and sectoral priorities; and (4) presenting the results using interactive visualization tools to facilitate dialogue and support decisions. Our results identify efficient operation plans for large dams on the Blue Nile for alternative cropping patterns in expanded irrigation areas in Sudan that minimize tradeoffs across water, energy, and food objectives.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Siddig2024,

title = {We need to know the economic impacts of Sudan's ongoing conflict},

author = {Khalid Siddig and Mohammed Basheer},

doi = {10.1038/s41562-024-01883-y},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Nature Human Behaviour},

publisher = {Springer US},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Etichia2024,

title = {Energy trade tempers Nile water conflict},

author = {Mikiyas Etichia and Mohammed Basheer and Ruben Bravo and Jose Gutierrez and Atsede Endegnanew and Jose M Gonzalez and Anthony Hurford and James Tomlinson and Eduardo Martinez and Mathaios Panteli and Julien J. Harou},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s44221-024-00222-9},

doi = {10.1038/s44221-024-00222-9},

isbn = {4422102400},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Nature Water},

volume = {2},

number = {April},

pages = {337–349},

publisher = {Springer},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Basheer2024a,

title = {PyLandslide: A Python tool for landslide susceptibility mapping and uncertainty analysis},

author = {Mohammed Basheer and Thomas Oommen},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106055},

doi = {10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106055},

issn = {1364-8152},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Modelling & Software},

volume = {177},

pages = {106055},

abstract = {Mitigating the impacts of landslides and planning resilient infrastructure necessitates assessing the exposure to this hazard through, for example, susceptibility mapping involving the spatial integration of various contributing factors. Here, we introduce PyLandslide, an open-source Python tool that leverages machine learning and sensitivity analysis to quantify the weights of various contributing factors, estimate the associated uncertainties, and generate susceptibility maps. We apply PyLandslide to the case of rainfall-triggered landslides in Italy driven by historical precipitation data (1981–2023) and nine climate projections for the mid-century (2041–2050). Results highlight distance to roads as the most influential factor in determining landslide susceptibility in Italy, followed by slope. Our findings reveal an overall reduction in susceptibility in the mid-century compared to the historical period; however, the directional changes vary spatially. Uncertainty analysis should play a central role in decision-making on landslides, where weights are intricately linked to investments.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Basheer2024c,

title = {Greening hydropower in Africa},

author = {Mohammed Basheer},

doi = {10.1038/s41893-024-01359-x},

isbn = {4189302401367},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Nature Sustainability},

publisher = {Springer US},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Basheer2024d,

title = {Armed conflict as a catalyst for increasing flood risk},

author = {Mohammed Basheer and Nadir Ahmed Elagib},

url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ad6fb6},

doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/ad6fb6},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Research Letters},

volume = {19},

issue = {10},

pages = {104034},

abstract = {Armed conflict has many adverse impacts beyond violence such as increasing risks of natural hazards. Analyses of the interactions between flood risks and armed conflict are essential for developing effective policies and strategies to address both challenges. This study aims to develop conceptual and analytical socio-hydrological frameworks for assessing how armed conflict can impact flood risks. The frameworks postulate a link between armed conflict and flood vulnerability, given that armed conflict creates unique challenges that exacerbate the effects of floods. Our conceptual framework identifies routes through which armed conflict affects vulnerability to floods, such as damage to infrastructure, population displacement and density, weak governance, and less awareness, resulting in lower resilience, higher susceptibility, and increased flood vulnerability and risk. Our analytical framework uses flood modeling to evaluate flood hazards and incorporates spatial data related to armed conflict zones, nighttime light, population classification by age, land price, land cover, and rural/urban areas classification. We take Khartoum, the capital city of Sudan, as a case study in view of its armed conflict that erupted in 2023. By highlighting the linkages between armed conflict and flood risk, this study contributes to conceptualizing the broader interlinkages between conflict and environmental systems. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating conflict analysis with disaster risk management strategies. We encourage collaboration between humanitarian, environmental, and security sectors to improve preparedness, response, and resilience in conflict-affected regions. While our analysis for Khartoum is based on conflict zones in the early stages of the conflict and uses simple estimates for conflict vulnerability contribution, the proposed frameworks provide groundwork for assessing changes in flood risk in Sudan and other conflict regions around the world.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Basheer2024e,

title = {Toward integrated dam assessment: evaluating multi-dimensional impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on Sudan},

author = {Mohammed Basheer and Khalid Siddig and Zuhal Elnour and Mosab Ahmed and Claudia Ringler},

url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ad7744},

doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/ad7744},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Research Letters},

volume = {19},

number = {10},

pages = {104067},

abstract = {The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on the Nile is expected to influence many ecosystem services, such as flood regulation, hydro-electricity production, food supply, and habitat provision, among others. Understanding these impacts (positive and negative) requires a comprehensive evaluation framework. This study develops and applies an integrated simulation framework for assessing the impacts of the GERD on Sudan, focusing on the simultaneous economywide effects of riverine flood hazards, irrigation water supply, hydropower generation, and floodplain-dependent industries, namely traditional fired clay brick production. The simulation framework incorporates three models: a river infrastructure system model, a flood model, and a Computable General Equilibrium Model. Results indicate positive impacts for hydropower generation and flood control, marginal benefits for water supply to existing irrigation, and negative consequences for brick production and the construction sector. Assuming that the GERD starts its long-term operation in 2025, we find an overall positive economic impact on Sudan's Gross Domestic Product in 2025, with an increase of up to just over 0.1%, subject to river flow conditions. Recognizing the differences in impacts across sectors and income groups, the study emphasizes the need for interventions that ameliorate negative effects. While the study captures several impacts, other effects on the environment, recession agriculture, and soil fertility require further investigation. Still, our findings underscore the importance of adopting an integrated simulation approach to dam evaluation, acknowledging the interconnected nature of water and related sectors in national economies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Basheer2024f,

title = {Economic impacts of large dams on downstream brickmaking in developing countries},

author = {Mohammed Basheer and Zuhal Elnour and Khalid Siddig and Harald Grethe},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2024.2411409},

doi = {10.1080/01446193.2024.2411409},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Construction Management and Economics},

pages = {1–13},

publisher = {Routledge},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}